Place: A park and the museum in Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Partner: Alan
“The Bell of Peace: A Peace memento at the birthplace of the A-Bomb”
The next day when Alan took me to Devil’s Racetrack, he took me to “The Bell of Peace” in Oak Ridge. It was in the park behind the public library.
[The Peace Bell in the park, 図書館の裏の公園の『平和の鐘』、도서관 뒷 공원의 "평화의 종"]
Later, I found a nice website which introduces this momento accurately as follows.
http://acrosstn.com/2010/07/the-bell-of-peace/
[Quoted]
“The Bell of Peace: A Peace memento at the birthplace of the A-Bomb” Story by Gayle Crabtree, Photos by John Crabtree
No one questions the importance of the Liberty Bell or the ringing of church bells. Maybe that’s why supporters of the Oak Ridge Friendship Bell were caught off guard when a firestorm of controversy surrounded the project.
The purpose of the bell was to represent peace. Oak Ridge played a key role in the making of the atomic bombs. That such a monument would be placed in a city known for its part in creating atomic weaponry was, for some, a poignant reminder of the importance of international peace.
Others saw it as a reminder of World War II. The ironic controversy went to the U.S. Supreme Court before the fate of the International Friendship bell was ultimately decided.
The history of the Oak Ridge International Friendship Bell began in the early years of WWII, several decades before the idea for the bell was introduced. It was 1939 when Albert Einstein added his signature to a letter that was received by President Franklin Roosevelt. The letter warned the German army was developing a powerful new weapon which would be used against its enemies. Important dates of World War II Later, the bombing of Pearl Harbor by the Japanese pull the U. S. firmly into WWII. Within months the government set to work to advance its own weaponry. Oak Ridge, Tennessee was one of four sites chosen to develop its part of the atomic bomb.
August 6, 1945 was a relatively clear day when the first atomic bomb was dropped over Hiroshima, Japan. Three days later on August 9 the second bomb hit Nagasaki. Japan surrendered a few days later.
Fifty years later a celebration was in the works to mark the 50th anniversary of Oak Ridge, Tennessee. By this time relations between Japan and the state of Tennessee had grown to form a strong and lasting relationship which would involve several components of industry, education and research. It is possible that no area benefited more from this bond than the city of Oak Ridge.
It under two years after the proposal by Dr. Uppuluri before a birthday committee to plan the anniversary event would be formed. This was led by Dr. Uppuluri and his wife Shigeko Uppuluri. Together they begin the processes to move the Oak Ridge Friendship Bell from vision to a reality. In January of 1990 movement toward the bell gathered momentum when Oak Ridge began planning its 50th anniversary. Planning the celebration fell to what was known as the Oak Ridge Community Foundation. As excitement about the event grew, the foundation issued a formal call for proposals to construct a lasting monument. The theme of the monument would be “Born of War, Living for Peace, Growing through Science”.
Of the call for proposals two were selected. The city of Oak Ridge would see the building of a new performing arts center and what was to be called the Oak Ridge Friendship Bell.
Local artist Susanna Harris designed the graphics for the outside of the bell. Jon Coddington, a local architecture professor, signed up to design the pavilion which would house the bell. Committee chair Ethel McDonald oversaw much of the design progress of the bell and structure. Ultimately, she would spend the rest of her life trying to bring the Oak Ridge Friendship Bell to fruition.
[The design of the bell, 平和の鐘の表面のデザイン、 평화의 종의 표면 디자인]
Their next hurdle would be to raise funds for the project. In October 1991 a fundraiser was organized by Ram Uppuluri, Jr. who was the son of Dr. and Mrs. Uppuluri. While the financial results of the fundraiser were disappointing the ensuing press coverage brought the bell to the attention of all of the residents of Oak Ridge.
["Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941", 真珠湾1941年12月7日、 진주만 1941 년 12 월 7 일]
The attention was not all positive. Many members of the community were outspoken against the project. Some called for city finances to not be used to fund the Oak Ridge Peace Bell while others objected to noise. One citizen, Robert Brooks, was opposed to the bell because he felt that the bell held religious significance. It was his point of view that no religious item should be placed on public property.
The Oak Ridge Friendship Bell was to be created using the shape and form of traditional Buddhist peace bells by Japan’s master bell maker Sotetsu Iwasawa. Roberts Brooks’ battle to stop the bell project would reach the U.S. Supreme Court. Although he lost the legal battle, his actions remain a part of the legacy of the Oak Ridge Friendship Bell.
[Unquoted]
[The explanation about "the Peace Bell",平和の鐘の説明、평화의 종에 대한 설명]
[The explanation about the cost, 『平和の鐘』製作費用の説明、평화의 종"제작 비용에 대한 설명]
This bell reminded me of “Peace momument at the place to release firebombs to USA”
See 130121 Hirakata Port and Izura Seashore, Kitaibaraki-shi, Ibaraki-ken(茨城県北茨城市平潟及び五浦海岸)
http://georgesuzuki.blogspot.kr/search/label/%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E3%80%81%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%80%81%E5%8C%97%E9%99%B8%E3%83%BB%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97
Once it was prohibited to hit the bell, but now we could hit the bell freely and Alan and I did it for the prayer of peace.
[George is hitting the bell, ジョージが鐘を突いている、조지가 종을 치고있다.]
“AMSE (American Museum of Scence and Enery)”
[The entrance of AMSE, AMSEの入り口、AMSE 입구]
After hitting the Peace Bell, we visited AMSE(American Museum of Scence and Enery).
The first momento which drew my attention was the monument of “911” which was the image of the World Trade Center built by its scrap.
[World Trade Center Sculpture of Steel, 世界貿易センターの残骸で作った作品、세계 무역 센터 잔해로 만든 작품]
This was the same line of thoughts as the Peace Bell at Oak Ridge and the Monument of Peace at Firebaloon Place in Kitaibaraki.
I learned the history of the Great Depression and TVA resolution yesterday, and now I learned “Manhattan Project” and the history of “Secret City: Oak Ridge.”
[The panel shows the history of Manhattan Project, マンハッタン・プロジェクトの歴史を示すパネル、맨해튼 프로젝트의 역사를 보여주는 패널]
They exhibit not only the history of the “Manhanttan Project” but also the result of this project: in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
[The picture of "Atomic Fission", 原子核分裂を示す図、원자 핵분열을 나타내는 그림]
Alan and I traveled together to Kyushu and Okinawa in Feb. 2008. When we visited Nagasaki, we also visited the A-bomb museum in Nagasaki. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagasaki_Atomic_Bomb_Museum
[The newspaper which reports "Pearl Harbor", 真珠湾攻撃を知らせる新聞、진주만 공격을 알리는 신문 기사]
[An exhibit at AMSE, AMSEの展示品の１つ、AMSE전시품의 하나]
[The explanation about A-Bomb on Hiroshima, 広島に落とされた原爆の説明、히로시마에 떨어진 원폭의 설명]
The message I got shocked was “From Oak Ridge to Tojo” which means this terrible present to the Japanese people.
[An exhibit at AMSE, AMSEの展示品の１つ、AMSE전시품의 하나]
Also I felt uneasy when I saw the picture of Showa Emperor which looked like “atrocious fiend” like “ Hitler” or “Mussolini.”
[The picture of Showa Emperor, 昭和天皇の写真、쇼와 천황의 사진]
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旅行月日：2013年２月8日午前中、曇り時々晴れ
旅行地：「平和の鐘」および「米国科学およびエネルギー博物館」
「平和の鐘：原子爆弾誕生の地の平和の記念物」
「悪魔の競技場」トレッキングの翌日、アランは「平和の鐘」として知られる「国際友情の鐘」へ案内してくれた。場所は前日訪問した公立図書館の後ろの公園内だった。
[Alan is approaching "the Peace Bell",『平和の鐘』に近づくアラン、알란이 "평화의 종"에 다가가고있다.]
この鐘は日本や韓国の仏教の寺に普遍的にみられる釣鐘の形で、1990年にオークリッジ設立50周年を祝うプロジェクトの１つとしてはじめられ1996年に完成したようだ。
[The explanation about the design, 『平和の鐘』のデザインの説明、"평화의 종"디자인에 대한 설명]
「平和の鐘」または「友情の鐘」の発案及び実現の進行者はインド人の科学者Dr. Uppuluri とその日本人の妻 Shigeko (茂子)Uppuluriであったという。
この鐘の側面には1942年12月7日の真珠湾攻撃の日付と1945年8月の広島及び長崎へ原爆が投下された日付が刻まれている。
[Hiroshima, Aug. 6, 1945, Nagasaki, Aug. 9, 1941, 広島1945年8月6日、長崎1945年8月9日、히로시마 1945 년 8 월 6 일, 나가사키 1945 년 8 월 9 일]
この鐘を見て北茨城の海岸で見た「平和の碑：風船爆弾放流の地」を思い出した。風船爆弾と原子爆弾ではあまりに規模が異なるが、敵を憎む心情は同じだ。そしてそれを反省するためのモニュメントというのも同じだ。
この鐘の製造・設置、及び鐘を鳴らすことについて大きな反対意見もあり、一時は鐘を鳴らすことは禁じられていたそうだが、「平和及び友情を祈念する」という目的が理解され、現在では誰でも自由に鐘を鳴らすことができ、私もアランも鐘を突いた。
[Alan is hitting the bell, 平和の鐘を突くアラン、평화의 종을 치는 앨런]
その後、アランは「AMSE」と略称される「米国科学及びエネルギー博物館」へ案内してくれた。
「米国科学およびエネルギー博物館」
[The entrance of AMSE, AMSEの入り口、AMSE 입구]
最初に目を引いたのは屑鉄で作ったモニュメントで、ニューヨークの貿易センターツインビルをイメージしたものだという。
[World Trade Center Sculpture of Steel, 世界貿易センターの残骸で作った作品、세계 무역 센터 잔해로 만든 작품]
これも原爆や風船爆弾同様、敵を憎むあまり自分自身を含め関係のない人々をも巻き添えにしたテロの極地で、その反省を込めた作品なのだろう。
[The explanation about A-Bomb on Nagasaki, 長崎に落とされた原爆の説明、나가사키에 떨어진 원폭의 설명]
前日のTVAのノリスダムでは大恐慌の後のアメリカを学んだが、今度はマンハッタンプロジェクトで原爆を作るために国を挙げて作った秘密工場の歴史を学んだ。
[An exhibit at AMSE, AMSEの展示品の１つ、AMSE전시품의 하나]
写真では原爆作成だけでなく、その結果の写真も展示されていたが、訴えていることは「戦争を終わらせるための必要悪」ということだ。
だが、被爆の結果については知られていないまま時間が経過したことは間違いない。衝撃を受けた展示の１つが「オークリッジから東条へ」というメッセージだった。
また、昭和天皇の写真が日本では観たこともないような「極悪人」のような人相で飾られていることに少し抵抗を感じた。
ちなみに、アランと私は2008年2月に、いっしょに九州と沖縄を旅行した時、長崎を訪れ、原爆資料館を見学した。
長崎原爆資料館
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E%E5%8E%9F%E7%88%86%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E9%A4%A8
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